局部进展期直肠癌新辅助化放疗的疗效观察

目的观察新辅助治疗对局部进展期直肠癌的疗效。方法2003年5月至2008年12月,我院临床分期为T3／T4期的局部进展期直肠癌病例32例,术前接受化疗一放疗一化疗,化放疗结束4～6周后手术。术后用Dworak分级评估新辅助治疗的组织学反应。所有患者术后接受随访,观察并发症发生率、局部复发率和临床结局。结果本组32例皆为R0切除,其中21例低位前切除术（Dixon术）,11例腹会阴联合切除术（MiLe术）,保肛率为65．6％。术后病检：5例Dworak分级3级,3例Dworak分级2级,24例Dworak分级1级。32例术后全部随访,随访时间24～91个月,中位随访时间52个月。全组无局部复发病例,皆无瘤生存至今。结论局部进展期直肠癌术前新辅助治疗有益,但对术后生存率的影响有待进一步观察。     

参麦注射液联合同步放化疗治疗中晚期食管癌的临床观察

目的评价参麦注射液联合同步放化疗治疗中晚期食管癌的近期疗效和放化疗不良反应。方法将94例中晚期食道癌患者随机分为对照组和试验组,2组均采用同步放化疗:放疗总量为60～66 Gy(6～7周),且在放疗d1、d29予以2次FP方案化疗。试验组在上述给药基础上再静脉注射参麦注射液60 ml,d1-14、d29-42。结果试验组的近期有效率为83.0%,对照组为72.3%,两组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组的Ⅲ/Ⅳ级消化道毒性反应、白细胞毒性反应发生率与对照组比较,均明显减轻(P<0.05)。结论参麦注射液能够有效提高中晚期食管癌同步放化疗的临床疗效,且能显著减少放化疗的不良反应。     

Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced oesophageal cancer

BackgroundWe performed a retrospective analysis of Asian patients with locally advanced oesophageal cancer to test the hypothesis that an elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with a poor survival rate after definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy.MethodsIn total, 138 patients diagnosed with locally advanced oesophageal cancer (TNM classification of malignant tumours stage II or III) who were treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy between January 2005 and December 2010 were retrospectively analysed. Definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy was performed using two different chemotherapy regimens.ResultsThe median follow-up duration was 39.5 months (range 1.1–93.4). The median progression-free survival was 14.0 months, and the median overall survival was 19.9 months. Compared with the low (<2.0) neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio group (n = 43, 31.2%), the high (≥2.0) neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio group (n = 95, 68.8%) exhibited significant decreases in the durations of both progression-free survival and overall survival. Using multivariate analysis, an elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was also significantly associated with decreased progression-free survival (HR 1.799; 95% CI, 1.050–3.083; P = 0.032) and overall survival duration (HR 2.115; 95% CI, 1.193–3.749; P = 0.010).ConclusionsThe pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a useful prognostic marker in patients with locally advanced oesophageal cancer treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy.     

超分割放射治疗同步NP方案化疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的Ⅱ期临床研究

目的评价超分割放疗同步合并NP方案化疗治疗局限期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效及毒副反应。材料与方法35例局部晚期非小细胞肺癌患者KPS评分≥70分，年龄41～72岁，中位年龄57岁。男性30例，女性5例；鳞癌22例，腺癌12例，大细胞癌1例；ⅢA期5例，ⅢB期30例。放射治疗采用6～8MV电子直线加速器，超分割1．25cGy／次，2次／日，间隔6h以上，总剂量60Gy；化疗方案均为NP方案，长春瑞宾（NVB）：12．5mg／m^2,第1，8，15d给药，顺铂（PDD）60～80mg／m^2第2天给药，共2至4周期。按WHO疗效及毒性标准评价治疗毒性和疗效，用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并绘制生存曲线。结果全组中位随访32个月（5～40个月），治疗毒性反应包括放射性食管炎27例（1级11例，2级10例，3级6例）；放射性肺炎9例（1级3例，2级5例，3级1例）；恶心21例（1级9例，2级7例，3级5例）；白细胞减少23例（1级3例，2级14例，3级6例）；血小板减少9例（1级6例，2级2例，3级1例）；贫血5例（1级4例，3级1例）。完全缓解（CR）1／35，部分缓解（PR）19／35，稳定（SD）13／35进展（PD）2／35，总有效（CR＋PR）57％（20／35），中位生存期14．5个月（95％CI 11～18个月），1、2、3年生存率分别为54％、29％和17％。结论超分割放疗同步联合NP方案化疗治疗局限期非小细胞肺癌是一种可以接受的治疗方案。近期疗效有所改善，但毒副反应也有增加。     

Delayed onset of benign pleural effusion following concurrent chemoradiotherapy for inoperable non‐small‐cell lung cancer

Chronic benign pleural effusion (BPE) is a rare complication of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for inoperable stage IIIA non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This report presents three cases of BPE, the workup to differentiate this benign condition from recurrence of cancer and recommends a pleural biopsy as part of the diagnostic process. These inflammatory exudates often remain indolent, and may not require drainage or surgical intervention. In the absence of clinical, radiological and pathological evidence of recurrent disease, we recommend clinicians manage these patients expectantly, using regular clinical assessment and imaging.     

曼氏迭宫绦虫成虫合并裂头蚴感染的实验室诊断

目的:曼氏迭宫绦虫和曼氏裂头蚴混合感染实验室检测分析。方法:采用尼龙绢袋集卵法粪便检测虫卵,免疫金标渗滤法(DIGFA)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清曼氏裂头蚴IgG和IgG4抗体。结果:检出曼氏迭宫绦虫卵,患者曼氏裂头蚴IgG和IgG4抗体为阳性。结论:患者为迭宫绦虫成虫合并裂头蚴感染。     

Outcomes from chemoradiotherapy for patients with esophageal cancer

Chemoradiotherapy is a widely used alternative treatment to surgical resection in certain patient groups with early esophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess toxicity and outcome of patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy for early esophageal cancer at one institution. A retrospective analysis of all patients treated with chemoradiotherapy between February 2000 and December 2008 at a single tertiary center was performed with documentation of treatment given, toxicities recorded, and follow‐up and outcome data. Sixty‐two patients received chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. There were 20 males and 42 female patients with an average age of 68 years. Histology revealed adenocarcinoma in 28 patients and squamous cell carcinoma in 34 patients. All patients were staged with a computerized tomography scan, endoscopic ultrasound and positron emission tomography scan. Selection criteria for chemoradiotherapy were unfit for surgery, upper esophageal squamous carcinoma, unresectable primary tumor, or patient choice. The majority of the patients received a combination of cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil chemotherapy with 55 Gy in 25 fractions of radiotherapy. Grade 3 toxicities were recorded in 11% of the patients. Eleven patients suffered from local recurrence and a stent was required in nine patients. Radiation strictures occurred in 10 patients requiring dilation in four. Five patients required a radiologically inserted feeding gastrostomy. The median overall survival was 21 months. Patients with adenocarcinomas and those with squamous cell carcinoma had a similar median survival. Overall survival was 70% at 1 year, 48% at 2 years, and 26% at 3 years. This case series of patients treated with chemoradiation for localized esophageal cancer suggest a generally well‐tolerated treatment with survival rates after chemoradiotherapy comparable with those seen with surgery.     

腹主动脉瘤合并下肢动脉硬化闭塞的诊治

目的探讨腹主动脉瘤(AAA)合并下肢动脉硬化闭塞的治疗措施。方法回顾性分析我院1991年1月至2010年1月21例AAA合并下肢动脉硬化闭塞患者的临床资料。结果 AAA合并下肢动脉硬化闭塞的发病率随年龄增长,男性多发。1例截肢,5例保守治疗,15例患者接受开放手术或支架治疗,其中7例分别行同期或分期下肢血流重建;3例(14%)死亡,原因均为下肢缺血处理不当,造成下肢坏死、多器官功能衰竭(MOSF)。结论 AAA合并下肢动脉硬化闭塞死亡率高,应引起对该疾病诊断和治疗的重视。     

Role of salvage esophagectomy after definitive chemoradiotherapy

Chemoradiotherapy has become a popular definitive therapy among many patients and oncologists for potentially resectable esophageal carcinoma. Although the complete response rates are high and short-term survival is favorable after chemoradiotherapy, persistent or recurrent locoregional disease is quite frequent. Salvage surgery is the sole curative intent treatment option for this course. As experience with definitive chemoradiotherapy grows, the number of salvage surgeries may increase. Selected articles about salvage esophagectomy after definitive chemoradiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma are reviewed. The number of salvage surgeries was significantly lower than the number of expected candidates. To identify candidates for salvage surgery, patients undergoing definitive chemoradiotherapy should be followed up carefully. Salvage esophagectomy is difficult when dissecting fibrotic masses from irradiated tissues. Patients who underwent salvage esophagectomy had increased morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary complications such as pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome were common. The anastomotic leak rate was significantly increased because of the effects of the radiation administered to the tissues used as conduits. The most significant factor associated with long-term survival appeared to be complete resection. However, precise evaluation of resectability before operation was difficult. Nevertheless, increased morbidity and mortality will be acceptable in exchange for potential long-term survival after salvage esophagectomy. Such treatment should be considered for carefully selected patients at specialized centers. This review was submitted at the invitation of the editorial committee.